Monday, November 11, 2019

FIRST WOMEN IN INDIA (GK CURRENT AFFAIRS).

                        FIRST WOMEN IN INDIA.  
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India’s First Woman PresidentPratiba Patil
India’s First Woman Prime MinisterIndira Gandhi
India’s First Woman GovernorSarojini Naidu
India’s First Woman IPS OfficerKiran Bedi
First Woman Chief Minister of StateSucheta Kripalani
First Woman Union MinisterRajkumari Amrita Kaur
First Woman President of INCAnnie Besant
First Woman Judge of Supreme CourtMeera Sahib Fatima Bibi
First Woman to get Ashok ChakraNirja Bhanot
First Indian Woman Ambassador at UNVijalakshmi Pandit
First Indian Woman to get Nobel PrizeMother Terasa
First Indian Woman to swim across English ChannelArati Saha
First Indian Woman to climb Mt EverestBachendri Pal
First Indian Woman to become Miss WorldMiss Reita Faria
First Indian Woman to climb Mt Everest twiceSanthosh Yadhav
First Indian Woman to become Miss UniverseSusmita Sen
First Indian Woman to get Bharat RatnaIndira Gandhi
First Indian Woman to get Jnanpith AwardAshapurna Devi
First Indian Woman to win WTA TitleSania Mirza
First Indian Woman Airline PilotDurga Banerjee
First Indian Woman to win Gold in Asian GamesKamaljeet Sandhu
First Indian Woman President of INCSarojini Naidu
First Indian Woman to Booker PrizeArundhati Roy
First Woman Musician to get Bharat RatnaMS Subbalakshmi
First Indian Woman to go to spaceKalpana Chawla
                                  

Friday, May 10, 2019

TOP 20 INVENTIONS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD

TOP 20 GREATEST INVENTIONS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD

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Technology is a core component of the human experience. We have been creating tools to help us tame the physical world since the early days of our species.
Any attempt to count down the most important technological inventions is certainly debatable, but here are some major advancements that should probably be on any such list (in chronological order):
1. FIRE - it can be argued that fire was discovered rather than invented. Certainly, early humans observed incidents of fire, but it wasn't until they figured out how to control it and produce it themselves that humans could really make use of everything this new tool had to offer. The earliest use of fire goes back as far as two million years ago, while a widespread way to utilize this technology has been dated to about 125,000 years ago. Fire gave us warmth, protection, and led to a host of other key inventions and skills like cookingThe ability to cook helped us get the nutrients to support our expanding brains, giving us an indisputable advantage over other primates.
2. WHEEL - the wheel was invented by Mesopotamians around 3500 B.C., to be used in the creation of pottery. About 300 years after that, the wheel was put on a chariot and the rest is history. Wheels are ubiquitous in our everyday life, facilitating our transportation and commerce.

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3. NAIL - The earliest known use of this very simple but super-useful metal fastener dates back to Ancient Egypt, about 3400 B.C. If you are more partial to screws, they've been around since Ancient Greeks (1st or 2nd century B.C.).
4. OPTICAL LENSES - from glasses to microscopes and telescopes, optical lenses have greatly expanded the possibilities of our vision. They have a long history, first developed by ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, with key theories of light and vision contributed by Ancient Greeks. Optical lenses were also instrumental components in the creation of media technologies involved in photography, film and television.
5. COMPASS - this navigational device has been a major force in human exploration. The earliest compasses were made of lodestone in China between 300 and 200 B.C.

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6. PAPER - invented about 100 BC in China, paper has been indispensible in allowing us to write down and share our ideas.
7. GUNPOWDER - this chemical explosive, invented in China in the 9th century, has been a major factor in military technology (and, by extension, in wars that changed the course of human history).
8. PRINTING PRESS - invented in 1439 by the German Johannes Gutenberg, this device in many ways laid the foundation for our modern age. It allowed ink to be transferred from the movable type to paper in a mechanized way. This revolutionized the spread of knowledge and religion as previously books were generally hand-written (often by monks).

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9. ELECTRICITY - utilization of electricity is a process to which a number of bright minds have contributed over thousands of years, going all the way back to Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece, when Thales of Miletus conducted the earliest research into the phenomenon. The 18th-century American Renaissance man Benjamin Franklin is generally credited with significantly furthering our understanding of electricity, if not its discovery. It's hard to overestimate how important electricity has become to humanity as it runs the majority of our gadgetry and shapes our way of life. The invention of the light bulb, although a separate contribution, attributed to Thomas Edison in 1879, is certainly a major extension of the ability to harness electricity. It has profoundly changed the way we live, work as well as the look and functioning of our cities.
10. STEAM ENGINE - invented between 1763 and 1775 by Scottish inventor James Watt (who built upon the ideas of previous steam engine attempts like the 1712 Newcomen engine), the steam engine powered trains, ships, factories and the Industrial Revolution as a whole.



11. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - the 19th-century invention (created by Belgian engineer Etienne Lenoir in 1859 and improved by Germany's Nikolaus Otto in 1876), this engine that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy overtook the steam engine and is used in modern cars and planes. Elon Musk's electric car company Tesla, among others, is currently trying to revolutionize technology in this arena once again.
12. TELEPHONE - although he was not the only one working on this kind of tech, Scottish-born inventor Alexander Graham Bell got the first patent for an electric telephone in 1876. Certainly, this instrument has revolutionized our ability to communicate.
13. VACCINATION - while sometimes controversial, the practice of vaccination is responsible for eradicating diseases and extending the human lifespan. The first vaccine (for smallpox) was developed by Edward Jenner in 1796. A rabies vaccine was developed by the French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur in 1885, who is credited with making vaccination the major part of medicine that is it today. Pasteur is also responsible for inventing the food safety process of pasteurization, that bears his name.
14. CARS - cars completely changed the way we travel, as well as the design of our cities, and thrust the concept of the assembly line into the mainstream. They were invented in their modern form in the late 19th century by a number of individuals, with special credit going to the German Karl Benz for creating what's considered the first practical motorcar in 1885.

Karl Benz (in light suit) on a trip with his family with one of his first cars, which was built in 1893 and powered by a single cylinder, 3 h.p. engine. His friend Theodor von Liebig is in the Viktoria. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
15. AIRPLANE - invented in 1903 by the American Wright brothers, planes brought the world closer together, allowing us to travel quickly over great distances. This technology has broadened minds through enormous cultural exchanges—but it also escalated the reach of the world wars that would soon break out, and the severity of every war thereafter.
16. PENICILLIN - discovered by the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming in 1928, this drug transformed medicine by its ability to cure infectious bacterial diseases. It began the era of antibiotics.
17. ROCKETS - while the invention of early rockets is credited to the Ancient Chinese, the modern rocket is a 20th century contribution to humanity, responsible for transforming military capabilities and allowing human space exploration.
18. NUCLEAR FISSION - this process of splitting atoms to release a tremendous amount of energy led to the creation of nuclear reactors and atomic bombs. It was the culmination of work by a number of prominent (mostly Nobel Prize-winning) 20th-century scientists, but the specific discovery of nuclear fission is generally credited to the Germans Otto Hahn and Fritz Stassmann, working with the Austrians Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch.
Austrian nuclear physicist Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968) congratulates German chemist Otto Hahn (1879 - 1968) on his 80th birthday, Gottingen, Germany, 8th March 1959. The pair collaborated for 30 years in the study of radioactivity, work which culminated in the discovery of nuclear fission. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
19. SEMICONDUCTORS - they are at the foundation of electronic devices and the modern Digital Age. Mostly made of silicon, semiconductor devices are behind the nickname of “Silicon Valley", home to today's major U.S. computing companies. The first device containing semiconductor material was demonstrated in 1947 by America's John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley of Bell Labs.
20. PERSONAL COMPUTER - invented in the 1970s, personal computers greatly expanded human capabilities. While your smartphone is more powerful, one of the earliest PCs was introduced in 1974 by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) via a mail-order computer kit called the Altair. From there, companies like Apple, Microsoft, and IBM have redefined personal computing.
(BONUS) 21. THE INTERNET - while the worldwide network of computers (which you used to find this article) has been in development since the 1960s, when it took the shape of U.S. Defense Department's ARPANET, the Internet as we know it today is an even more modern invention. 1990s creation of the World Wide Web by England's Tim Berners-Lee is responsible for transforming our communication, commerce, entertainment, politics, you name it.



Friday, May 3, 2019

SAVE THE TREE AND SAVE THE EARTH

SAVE THE TREE AND SAVE THE EARTH

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Trees are an important part of society and community. Along with furnishing us with the basic essentials for life like food, oxygen, shelter, medicine, tools, they also satisfy the needs created by our modern ways of living. The value of trees has been increasing ever since more and more benefits are being discovered.
Trees provide us shade and shelter, help in moderating the climate, preserving soil, supporting wildlife, reducing pollution and in many other ways. Trees create an aesthetically pleasing atmosphere around us. They make our landscape look beautiful..indeed priceless.
However, the population explosion and expansion of commercial areas has resulted in massive pruning of trees. People are continuously cutting trees for developmental activities like making houses, commercial buildings, parking lots and we are moving a step further in destroying the planet by loosing the most valuable resource of the environment.Trees are an important part of society and community. Along with furnishing us with the basic essentials for life like food, oxygen, shelter, medicine, tools, they also satisfy the needs created by our modern ways of living.

The value of trees has been increasing ever since more and more benefits are being discovered.
Trees provide us shade and shelter, help in moderating the climate, preserving soil, supporting wildlife, reducing pollution and in many other ways. Trees create an aesthetically pleasing atmosphere around us. They make our landscape look beautiful..indeed priceless.
However, the population explosion and expansion of commercial areas has resulted in massive pruning of trees. People are continuously cutting trees for developmental activities like making houses, commercial buildings, parking lots and we are moving a step further in destroying the planet by loosing the most valuable resource of the environment.
Have we ever thought what would happen if there were no trees on Earth?
Global warming will increase leading to melting of glaciers and a rise in sea level. This will disturb the entire chain of life on earth.
The water cycle will get disturbed, many species of animals will loose their habitats and we will in turn loose the huge bio-diversity that we are now proud of.
What would we provide to the generations yet unborn with, if there were no parks, playgrounds and backyards? How will they feel connected to Nature and Mother Earth?
Trees are the lungs through which we breathe. Where would oxygen come for mankind to breathe?Have we ever thought what would happen if there were no trees on Earth?
Global warming will increase leading to melting of glaciers and a rise in sea level. This will disturb the entire chain of life on earth.
The water cycle will get disturbed, many species of animals will loose their habitats and we will in turn loose the huge bio-diversity that we are now proud of.
What would we provide to the generations yet unborn with, if there were no parks, playgrounds and backyards? How will they feel connected to Nature and Mother Earth?
Trees are the lungs through which we breathe. Where would oxygen come for mankind to breathe?

If not Earth then where do we think life will exist?
If we do not take any action today, then when will the appropriate time come?
If not us then who else will work towards their preservation?
Its time to act. Hurry because time is running fast!
Save trees, Save the Planet If not Earth then where do we think life will exist?
If we do not take any action today, then when will the appropriate time come?
If not us then who else will work towards their preservation?
Its time to act. Hurry because time is running fast!
                                                                                                       Save trees, Save  the planet


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Trees produces oxygen that is life line of all living beings. In the hot summer we usually plan trips in the hilly areas. But if the rate of cutting Trees remains same then we don’t have enough Trees to plan a trip, seasonal raining and amount of fresh oxygen will no longer be available. Trees helps to clean the air, soil and water,  making the earth a beautiful livable place. Living close to trees makes us healthier and happier. Its time to SAVE Trees, protect forests and spread awareness. If you want to save trees, you can help by protecting those that grow around your home, and planting more Trees. Reduce the use of  paper products, too. According to our little understanding we have found few ways to protect Trees, you can also follow them ,motivate your friends and family members to join hands together to save our beautiful earth or you can join an organization working to save Tress around your home to

1.SAVING TREES AROUND YOU
Every town and city has laws dictating which tree species need to be protected and when and how it’s OK to cut down trees. In some areas, trees that are delicate, rare or extremely beneficial are protected by law. Knowing the laws in your area will help you be a better advocate for the trees there.

2.WHAT YOU CAN DO TO SAVE THE TREE
Speak up to save the tree, rather than just letting it get cut down. Get together with other people who care about saving trees in your area and make it clear that you object to cutting down healthy trees. Even if there’s no law against cutting down the tree, if enough people think trees are important and need to be protected, you might be able to create change. Even if it’s too late for this particular tree, you’ll set a precedent for next time. Here are a few things you can do: • Write a letter of objection to your city forester or city council member. • Start a petition to change policies or protect certain trees. Rally neighbors to get involved in saving the neighborhood trees. • Get the media involved by sending a letter to the editor or contacting a local TV station.

3.PARTICIPATION IN TREE PLANTATION

Speak up to save the tree, rather than just letting it get cut down. Get together with other people who care about saving trees in your area and make it clear that you object to cutting down healthy trees. Even if there’s no law against cutting down the tree, if enough people think trees are important and need to be protected, you might be able to create change. Even if it’s too late for this particular tree, you’ll set a precedent for next time. Here are a few things you can do: • Write a letter of objection to your city forester or city council member. • Start a petition to change policies or protect certain trees. Rally neighbors to get involved in saving the neighborhood trees. • Get the media involved by sending a letter to the editor or contacting a local TV station.

4.REDUCE PAPER USE
Reducing your use of paper products in order to save trees can seem abstract, since you never see the trees that get turned into items like paper towels and napkins. But it’s important to start seeing the connection between the trees you love and the products you use, since somewhere trees where cut down, processed into pulp, bleached and pressed into the shape of tissues you can use to blow your nose on. If you’re passionate about saving trees, look for ways to use fewer paper products in your daily life • Use cloth towels instead of paper towels. It’s a simple change that can reduce a lot of unnecessary waste. • Use cloth napkins instead of paper napkins. They’re more elegant, anyway. • Use handkerchiefs instead of tissues. It might take some getting used to, but handkerchiefs are actually softer on your skin than tissues, so you might like them better. • Use reusable containers instead of paper lunch bags. • If you must use a paper product, always buy the recycled version. At least you’ll know it’s not made from virgin pulp. Choose the paperless options for bills. This simple switch will make your life less cluttered and reduce the number of dead trees on your conscience. If you still get paper bills sent to your house, go online and make the switch to the paperless option. You can opt to receive notifications that a bill is due via email, rather than having to check the mail.

5.EAT LESS BEEF
The production of meat in general requires tons of resources. Factory farms need space, water and food for animals they raise for food. Beef products are particularly hard on trees, since Amazonian rain forests are being cut down to make way for cattle ranches.

6.SAVE :REMAINING FOREST
Forests in Brazil, Russia, Canada and other parts of the world are being cut down or burned by forest fires every day. 78 million acres of rainforest are lost every single year. Scientists posit that if forest destruction continues at this rate, 80 to 90 percent of rain forests will by gone by 2020. Since forests play an essential part in keeping our planet healthy, stopping their destruction can’t happen soon enough. • Most forests are destroyed to provide space for agriculture or developments, to provide wood for paper products, or by forest fires that have increased in severity since the advent of global warming. • Saving forests must be a global effort, but there are things you can do to contribute, even if you live nowhere near a rain forest. Share your love for trees and forests with other people. Showing those in your life that you care about trees is a good way to help other people start taking action, too. Many people simply don’t realize how important old growth forests are to the health of the planet, including its human population. The more people who understand and care, the more likely destructive practices will be brought to a halt. • Spread the word on social media. When you see a story related to the state of the earth’s forest, share what you think about it and encourage others to comment. • Show that standing up for trees is something you believe in. Since saving trees will require a change in lifestyle, some people oppose the idea. By making it clear that saving trees is something you believe is valuable, you’ll be acting as a role model to others.

7.DONET TO NON PROFIT WORKING TO SAVE FORESTS
There are many nonprofits dedicated to saving forests across the world, and they are all in need of donations. Find one you trust and consider making a donation. • For example, Greenpeace is working to stop deforestation. It has projects around the world aimed at saving forests that are under threat. • The Rain forest Action Network aims to educate people and help everyone find a way to play a part in saving Source: http://www.wikihow.com/Save-Trees

SSC EXAM PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER


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SSC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

Top 100 GK Questions with Answers: 2018


 1.  The Finance Commission is constituted under article...... of the constitution of India.
A. 270
B. 280
C. 226
D. 245
Answer- B
2. Who built The Taj Mahal?
A. Shahjahan
B. Sher shah
C. Nadir shah
D. Jahangir
Answer- A
3. The Nalanda University was founded by-
A. Samudra Gupta
B. Chandra Gupta
C. Kumara Gupta
D. Harsh Vardhana
Answer- C
4. Bleaching powder is used in drinking water as a/an-
A. Coagulant
B. Disinfectant
C. Anticeptic
D. Antibiotic
Answer- B
5. The ph of lemon juice is expected to be-
A. Equal to 7
B. nothing can be predicted
C. more than 7
D. less than 7
Answer- D
6. Washing soda is also known as-
A. Sodium caloride
B. Calcium bicarbonate
C. Sodium carbonate
D. Phosphorus
Answer- C
7. Baking soda is also is known as-
A.  Sodium Bicarbonate
B. Calcium Bicarbonate
C. Carbon Monoxide
D. Bromide
Answer- A
8. What is the ratio of RBC to WBC-
A. 1:600
B. 600:1
C. 1:900
D. 500:1
Answer- B
9. Which city is the Silicon valley of India?
A. Mumbai
B. Delhi
C. Hyderabad
D. Bengaluru
Answer- D
10. In which year Delhi became the capital of India?
A. 1911
B. 1912
C. 1910
D. 1905
Answer- A
11. Which disease is caused by the bite of a mad dog?
A. Lukoderma
B. Hydrophobia
C. Hypertension
D. Arthritis

Answer- B
12. Which metal is used for generation of Nuclear Power?
A. Thorium
B. Uranium
C. Water
D. Fossils

Answer- B
13. By whom is the speaker of Lok Sabha elected?
A. All the members of Rajya Sabha
B. All the members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
C. People of India
D. All the members of Lok Sabha
Answer- D
14. Which planet is known as the Earth’s twin?
A. Jupiter
B. Mars
C. Venus
D. Saturn

Answer- C
15. Which article is related to the special status of Jammu and Kashmir?
A. 270
B. 300
C. 110
D. 248

Answer- A
16. Which gland is both exocrine and endocrine?
A. Pituitary gland
B. Thyroid gland
C. Pancreas
D. Small intestine
Answer- C
17. Which soil is best suited for cotton?
A. Red soil
B. Regur
C. Alluvial soil
D. Loam

Answer- B
18. Which state has the largest waste land area?
A. UP
B. Bihar
C. Jammu Kashmir
D. Punjab

Answer- C
19. Colour of the Urine is yellow because of-
A. Urochrome
B. Potassium
C. Endorphin
D. Insulin
Answer- A
20. Who has been called Napoleon of India?
A. Samudragupta
B. Chandragupta
C. Kumargupta
D. Harsha Vardhana

Answer- A
21. Which is the largest river basin in India?
A. Godavari Basin
B. Narmada Basin
C. Yamuna Basin
D. Ganga Basin

Answer- D
22. Which river originates at Amarkantak?
A. Mahanadi
B. Godavari
C. Narmada
D. Krishna
Answer- C
23. Largest fresh water lake of the world is-
A. Lake Superior
B. Lake Michigan
C. Lake Malawi
D. Great Bear Lake

Answer- A
24. Which day is celebrated as Worls Environment Day?
A. 5TH June
B. 8TH June
C. 5TH April
D. 21ST April

Answer- A
25. Which is a land locked sea?
A. Caribbean Sea
B. Aral Sea
C. Red Sea
D. South China Sea
Answer- B
26. Maximum strength of Rajya Sabha-
A. 260
B. 250
C. 210
D. 150

Answer- B
27. Who was the first chairman of Planning Commission?
A. Sardar vallabh bhai Patel
B. Rajender Prasad
C. Jwahar Lal Nehru
D. Moti Lal Nehru

Answer- C
28. Who was the first woman to scale the Mount Everest?
A. Bachhendri Pal
B. Arunima Sinha
C. Premlata Aggarwal
D. Malavath Purna
Answer- A
29. Who appoints the chairman of UPSC?
A. Chief Minister of India
B. President
C. Members of both the houses
D. Election Commissioner of India

Answer- B
30. Who pioneered Khilafat Movement?
A. Sayyed Brothers
B. Mahatama Gandhi
C. Ali Brothers
D. Maulana Azad

Answer- C
31. First general elections were held in which year?
A. 1921
B. 1942
C. 1950
D. 1951
Answer- D
32. Gobar gas contains mainly-
A. Methane
B. Ethane
C. Butane
D. Propane

Answer- A
33. Which gland is responsible for the secretion of Insulin?
A. Pancreas
B. Thyroid
C. Adrenal Gland
D. Pineal Gland

Answer- A
34. In which state was the Panchayati Raj first introduced?
A. Bihar
B. Rajasthan
C. Punjab
D. Haryana
Answer- B
35. Which is the warm ocean current?
A. Labrador current
B. Oyashio current
C. Canary current
D. Gulf Stream

Answer- D
36. Which country is the leading producer of Uranium?
A. Australia
B. Canada
C. USA
D. Japan

Answer- B
37. Arya Samaj was funded by-
A. Swami Dayanand Saraswati
B. Swami Vivekanand
C. Sachidanand
D. Swami Narayan
Answer- B
38. Which state has smallest land area?
A. Kerala
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Goa
D. Assam

Answer- C
39. Which Governor General was associated with Doctrine of Lapse?
A. Lord Dalhousie
B. Lord Lytton
C. Lord Hastings
D. Lord Cornwallis

Answer- A
40. Who was the first Woman President of Congress?
A. Annie Besant
B. Sarojini Naidu
C. Usha Mehta
D. Madam Cama
Answer- A
41. Which animal breathes through the skin?
A. Snake
B. Frog
C. Tortoise
D. Dolphin

Answer- B
42. Who is called Father of Economics?
A. Aristotle
B. Einstein
C. Adam Smith
D. Geoffrey Chaucer
Answer- C
43. Which element is the highest conductor of electricity?
A. Gold
B. Copper
C. Steel
D. Silver

Answer- D
44. Who is known as Father of Indian Constitution?
A. B.R Ambedkar
B. Rabindernath Tagore
C. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
D. Jawahar Lal Nehru

Answer- A
45.  Which state has the largest coastline in India?
A. Andhra Pradesh
B. Gujrat
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Maharashtra
Answer- B
46. Who written the book “India of my dreams”?
A. Jawahar Lal Nehru
B. Lala Hardyal
C. Mahatma Gandhi
D. Bhagat Singh

Answer- C
47. World’s largest desert-
A. Great Basin Desert
B. Sahara Desert
C. Great Victoria Desert
D. Gobi Desert

Answer- B
48. What is the maximum gap between two sessions of a Parliament?
A. 8 months
B. 5 months
C. 6 months
D. 1 year
Answer- C
49. In which year Bengal was reunited?
A. 1912
B. 1911
C. 1909
D. 1905

Answer- B
50. Who was the first Indian to receive Nobel Prize?
A. Rabinder Nath Tagore
B. C.V Raman
C. Mother Teresa
D. Amartya Sen

Answer- A